Dussehra, also known as Vijayadashami, is a major Hindu festival celebrated in India and other parts of South Asia. It usually marks the end of the nine-day festival of Navratri and falls on the tenth day of the Hindu month of Ashvin, which usually falls in September or October in the Gregorian calendar.
The festival symbolizes the victory of good over evil and has different mythological significance in different parts of India:
Victory of Lord Rama over Ravana
In North India, Dussehra is celebrated to commemorate Lord Rama’s victory over the demon king Ravana, symbolizing the victory of dharma over sin. As part of the celebrations, effigies of Ravana, his brother Kumbhakarna and son Meghnad are burnt in large public ceremonies.
Victory of Goddess Durga over Mahishasura
In the eastern and northeastern parts of India, especially West Bengal, Dussehra marks the culmination of Durga Puja. It celebrates the victory of Goddess Durga over the buffalo demon Mahishasura, symbolizing the triumph of divine power over demonic forces.
Return of the Pandavas
In some traditions, Dussehra is associated with the return of the Pandavas (from the Mahabharata) after their exile and their victory in the Battle of Kurukshetra.
Main Traditions and Celebrations:
Ramlila Performances: In many parts of India, episodes from the Ramayana, especially those relating to the life of Lord Rama and the war with Ravana, are enacted in plays known as Ramlila.
Effigy Burning: Large effigies of Ravana, Kumbhakarna and Meghnad are set on fire with fireworks, symbolizing the destruction of evil.
Durga Visarjan: In eastern India, idols of Goddess Durga are immersed in rivers or the sea in a grand procession, marking the end of Durga Puja.
Processions and Parades: Colourful processions with decorated chariots and idols are common, and grand parades are held in some cities.
Ayudha Puja: In southern India, Dussehra is celebrated with the worship of tools, weapons, and vehicles as part of Ayudha Puja.
Dussehra is not only a religious festival but also a cultural and social occasion, with fairs, food stalls, and entertainment being a major part of the festivities. It holds deep cultural significance as it promotes the values of justice, courage, and the victory of good over evil.